Home » Docs » Published Research on Reef Balls (This is just a dump of various scientific articles on artificial reefs that might be helpful for researchers)

Published Research on Reef Balls (This is just a dump of various scientific articles on artificial reefs that might be helpful for researchers)

Published Research on Reef Balls (This is just a dump of various scientific articles on artificial reefs that might be helpful for researchers)

http://reefball.wix.com/resources 

Formal Scientific Papers (SCROLL DOWN FOR MORE PAPERS)

 

Quantitative Evaluation of Marine Growth on 

Geosynthetic Reef Trials in Beaufort, North Carolina

 

Joseph Little PE, Little Environments PLLC, Joseph.Little@littleenvironments.com, jmlittl@gmail.com, +1

 

(919) 916-9061

 

Cameron Morris, Coastal Hydrology Inc., cmorris@coastalhydrology.com, +1 (770) 855-7330

 

Chris Metcalf, Coastal Hydrology Inc., cmetcalf@coastalhydrology.com, +1 (850) 628-3117

 

ABSTRACT

 

In recent years, geotubes, geocontainers, and other geosynthetic products and materials have

 

been applied in coastal settings for the purpose of coastal protection, coastal restoration, and as part of

 

coastal structures such as windfarms and bridge foundations. Geosynthetics are applied in submerged

 

environments and environments that become partially inundated by tide or storms. This includes artificial

 

reefs or artificially stabilized natural reefs, training walls, geosynthetic groynes, offshore breakwaters, and

 

scour mattresses. Previous studies have identified benefits associated with marine growth on

 

geosynthetic products/materials and have evaluated types of marine growth present and subsequent

 

ecological benefits, however quantification of the amount of marine growth has been limited. Marine

 

growth on geosynthetics in submerged coastal conditions has the ability to remove excess nutrient

 

pollution from water, sequester carbon, and the ability to make these excess nutrients available to

 

predators in the local ecosystem in marine plant and coral form. In order to better understand the growth

 

on these geosynthetic products, Little Environments PLLC conducted a comparative study on a selection

 

of geosynthetic materials, which sought to determine the mass of established marine growth on the

 

various materials. Samples of each geosynthetic were deployed in Taylors Creek, Beaufort, NC for a

 

period of 10 months. After 10 months the samples were exhumed from the trial reef in Taylors Creek,

 

dehydrated, and the mass of the sample evaluated in dry form. Measurement of the dry mass of marine

 

growth, subject to sustained predation, resulted in a range of 1 to 4 kg of marine growth per sq.m.

 

Considering that the plant growth is predominantly nitrogen and carbon based and that there is a current

 

need to sustainably sequester carbon and remove nitrogen from the water column in developing areas,

 

geosynthetic materials can serve as an effective substrate for the purpose of improving water quality and

 

offsetting carbon. Where geosynthetic comprising structures exist or are planned, additional

 

environmental and sustainable benefits may be considered when comparing and considering traditional

 

coastal project approaches, such as rock jetty’s, concrete breakwaters, and seawalls.

 

Coral Growth Assessment on an Established Artificial Reef in Antigua

K Cummings, A Zuke, B De Stasio… – Ecological …, 2015 – er.uwpress.org

… 17.14° N, 61.76° W. This site was the subject of a large shoreline stabilization project in 2004,

wherein 30 different coral species from imperiled colonies were transplanted onto approximately

3,500 concrete Reef Ball™ modules (JC Walch, Reef Ball Foundation [RBF], pers. …

 

Coral Recruitment On Reef Balltm Modules at the Benete Bay, Sumbawa Island, Indonesia

I Bachtiar, W Prayoga – Journal of Coastal Development, 2011 – ejournal.undip.ac.id

… 119 CORAL RECRUITMENT ON REEF BALL TM MODULES AT THE BENETE BAY, SUMBAWA

ISLAND, INDONESIA … This present study was aimed to examine the pattern of coral recruitment

on reef ball structure at the Benete Bay of Sumbawa Island, Indonesia. …

 

Artificial reef design: void space, complexity, and attractants

RL Sherman, DS Gilliam… – ICES Journal of …, 2002 – icesjms.oxfordjournals.org

… the Sea. Keywords: attractant, fish, Reef Ball , structural complexity. Accepted 14

September 2001. … Construction and deployment Small, stand-alone artificial reefs

designed by The Reef Ball Development Group Ltd. (Sarasota, Florida …

 

Planting small massive corals on small artificial concrete reefs or dead coral heads

AL Ortiz-Prosper, A Bowden-Kerby… – Bulletin of marine …, 2001 – hjrreefscaping.com

… Reef BallTM structures are concrete artificial reefs designed by Reef Ball Development Group,

Ltd. that are being used increasingly worldwide for fisheries enhancement. … Bay Ball is one of

several model reefs designed by Reef Ball Development Group, Ltd. …

 

 Artificial reef design: void space, complexity, and attractants

RL Sherman, DS Gilliam… – ICES Journal of …, 2002 – icesjms.oxfordjournals.org

… the Sea. Keywords: attractant, fish, Reef Ball , structural complexity. Accepted 14

September 2001. … Construction and deployment Small, stand-alone artificial reefs

designed by The Reef Ball Development Group Ltd. (Sarasota, Florida …

 

Wave transmission on submerged breakwaters made of hollow hemispherical shape artificial reefs

HD Armono, KR Hall – Canadian Coastal Conference, 2003 – reefbeach.com

… The results of a field survey shows that the Reef Ball™ is greatly assisting with reef stabilization

and is also assisting with beach restoration at the Resort However, two problems have occured

following the placement of breakwater: small rocks and sea urchins, hazardous in the …

 

Artificial reefs for ecosystem restoration and coastal erosion protection with aquaculture and recreational amenities

LE Harris – Reef Journal, 2009 – artificialreef.com

… Reef Ball Artificial Reef Units One … corals. Page 3. Figure 1. Traditional Reef Ball TM

Unit (L) and “Layer Cake” Reef Ball Unit (R) Table 1. Available Reef Ball Artificial Reef

 

Predicting wave transmission past Reef Ball™ submerged breakwaters

M Buccino, I Del Vita, M Calabrese – … 12th International Coastal …, 2013 – researchgate.net

ABSTRACT Buccino, M., Del Vita, I., and Calabrese, M., 2013. Predicting wave transmission 

past Reef Ball™ submerged breakwaters In: Conley, DC, Masselink, G., Russell, PE and 

O’Hare, TJ (eds.), Proceedings 12th International Coastal Symposium (Plymouth, England …

 

Experimental assessment of coral reef rehabilitation following blast fishing

HE Fox, PJ Mous, JS Pet, AH Muljadi… – Conservation …, 2005 – Wiley Online Library

… EcoReefs, which are branching ceramic stoneware modules, cost ∼$US70/m 2 for materials

alone (Moore & Erdmann 2002), and comparably sized hollow cement Reef Balls cost more than

US$40/m 2 for materials and ∼US$1000 for each mold (Reef Ball Foundation 2004). …

 

Artificial reef structures for shoreline stabilization and habitat enhancement

LE Harris, LE Harris – … of the 3rd International Surfing Reef …, 2003 – artificialreef.com

… The individual units used for the breakwater were 1.2m high Reef BallTM units and 1.3m high

Ultra Ball units, with base diameters of 1.5 and 1.6 meters, respectively, and masses of 1600

to 2000 kilograms. … 3-Row Reef Ball Breakwater 13m gain in shoreline April 2001 Profile …

 

Growth and survivorship of stony coral Meandrina meandrites and Montastrea cavernosa transplants to an artificial reef environment: A work in progress

EA Glynn, TP Quinn, DP Fahy… – National Coral Reef …, 2003 – nsuworks.nova.edu

Reef Ball Deployment: In November of 2000, 160 concrete Reef BallTM modules (1.22m wide

x 0.9m high) were deployed, at a depth of approximately 15 meters, between the Second and

Third Reef tracts off Dania Beach, FL (Figures 1 and 2). The Reef Balls were grouped …

 

Engineering design of artificial reefs

LE Harris – OCEANS’95. MTS/IEEE. Challenges of Our …, 1995 – ieeexplore.ieee.org

… FIGURE 1. REEF BALLN ARTIFICIAL REEF UNIT. Dimensions are approximately 1.2

meters high, 2 meters wide, and a mass of 2-3 metric tons. (Reef Ball Development

Group, Ltd., 1995). 1139 Page 2. TYPES OF ARTIFICIAL REEFS …

 

A preliminary examination of depth associated spatial variation in fish assemblages on small artificial reefs

BRL Sherman, DS Gilliam… – Journal of Applied …, 1999 – Wiley Online Library

… image Figure 1. (P)hotograph of a Reef Ball ® artificial reef deployed at 7 m depth off Fort

Lauderdale, FL, USA. … Waste concrete (uncured concrete remaining in trucks returning from job

sites) was poured into fibreglass moulds supplied by Reef Ball Development Group Ltd. ..

Influence of habitat structure on fish assemblage of an artificial reef in southern Brazil

CW Hackradt, FC Félix-Hackradt… – Marine environmental …, 2011 – Elsevier

… Four types of modules were used in the construction of blocks: quadrilateral, reef ball, cone

and pyramid (Table 1). Each block is formed by a singular (haphazard) combination of these

four types of modules. … Reef ball (RB), 1.2, 1.2, 2.63, 0.53, 25. …

 

Coastal erosion and mitigation methods—global state of art

AV Hegde – Indian J Mar Sci, 2010 – nopr.niscair.res.in

… The Reef Ball Foundation is a publicly supported non-profit international

environmental NGO working to rehabilitate marine reefs. Reef ball … Figure 9 shows

the Fig. 8(a) — Typical concrete reef ball used for artificial reefs. 8(b …

 

Artificial reef research in Broward County 1993-2000: A summary report

RE Spieler – Broward County Department of Planning and …, 2000 – nsuworks.nova.edu

… Page 7. 6 Figure 3. “Reef Ball ™ ” module, is a commercial module, readily

manufactured in replicate and easy to deploy. Page 8. 7 … Rinker Reef 75 11 Untreated

Reef Ball 25 8 Swiss Cheese 38 6 Reef Ball with blocks 58 12 …

 

Improving the economic effectiveness of coral reef restoration

JPG Spurgeon – Bulletin of marine science, 2001 – ingentaconnect.com

… A good example of a low-cost approach coupled with attempted benefit enhancement

are ‘Reef Ball™’ products. … Har- vester Wheatsheaf. Reef Ball Development Group, Ltd.

  1. http://reefball.com Ruitenbeek HJ and CM Cartier. 1999. …

 

Artificial reef effect in relation to offshore renewable energy conversion: state of the art

O Langhamer – The Scientific World Journal, 2012 – hindawi.com

… The expected carrying capacities have been calculated based on reef ball observations. Adapted

from [13]. 5.2. … The estimated carrying capacity of a reef ball is about 385 kg fish during a year

and there will be needed 169 reef balls to cover a scour area [16]. ..

 

Artificial reefs as shoreline protection structures

HD Armono – Paper ofr Seminar of Teori dan Aplikasi Teknologi …, 2004 – researchgate.net

… Figure 10. Typical Reef Ball ™ Stability Curve for 12 sec Wave Period (Roehl, 1997) Water Depth

(ft) … The curves were plotted based on the laboratory observations of applied maximum wave force

Fw (consisting of drag (Fd) and inertial force (Fi)) on a single Reef Ball™ unit. …

 

The effect of artificial reefs on fish assemblage versus natural sites in the Bandar Lengeh-Iran

H Azhdari, M Ibrahim, A Arshad, S Shohaimi… – Iranian Journal of …, 2012 – jifro.ir

… For this purpose, five treatments including four different forms (Reef ball (R), Laneh Mahi

(L), used materials (U) and R+L+U) of artificial reefs and one control were established. The

reefs were deployed at Bandar Lengeh, the Persian Gulf. … Reef ball …

 

Available from publisher only \Experimental abalone ranching on artificial reef in Port Phillip Bay, Victoria

DS James, RW Day, SA Shepherd – Journal of Shellfish Research, 2007 – BioOne

… Commercially manufactured artificial reefs, such as Reef Balls, are prepared by a

roughening process during manufacture to provide microhabitat for small juveniles and

to enhance settlement of larvae (Reef Ball 2005). … Reef Ball 2005. …

 

Available from publisher only Enhancement of grazing gastropod populations as a coral reef restoration tool: predation effects and related applied implications
RD Villanueva, AJ Edwards, JD Bell – Restoration Ecology, 2010 – Wiley Online Library

… A total of 42 pallet balls were constructed as specified by Reef Ball Foundation, Inc. … The

reef fish assemblage on each pallet ball was surveyed twice between 09:30 and

14:30 hours on two consecutive days in April and in August 2007. …

 

Shoreline Response for a Reef Ball TM Submerged Breakwater System Offshore of Grand Cayman Island

DS Arnouil – 2008 – reefinnovations.com

Page 1. Shoreline Response for a Reef Ball TM Submerged Breakwater System Offshore of Grand

Cayman Island By … Page 2. Shoreline Response for a Reef Ball TM Submerged Breakwater System

Offshore of Grand Cayman Island A thesis by Dana Suzanne Arnouil …

 

Sheldon Marsh-Section 227 Demonstration Project-Physical Model Study

SA Chader, MC Mohr, A Morang, D Ward, WR Curtis – 2006 – DTIC Document

… enhancement. Additional information on Reefballs™ is available through the ReefBall

Foundation at www.ReefBall.org). Originally, cut sandstone 0.9 m (3 ft) high by 1.2 m

(4 ft) wide by 1.8 m (6 ft) long were considered for the structure. …

 

 Artificial Reefs as a Restoration Tool for Alaska’s Coastal Waters

B Reynolds, MA Bishop… – Final Report to US Fish …, 2007 – alaskafisheries.noaa.gov

… At the artificial reef, each of the six circular reef plots (3 pyramid and 3 reef ball) were

each sampled during monthly dive and non-dive surveys. … At the artificial reef site a

structure was defined as either a reef ball or a reef pyramid. …

 

Available only from Publisher (Springer) Mapping, habitat characterization, and fish surveys of the deep-water Oculina coral reef Marine Protected Area: a review of historical and current research

JK Reed, AN Shepard, CC Koenig, KM Scanlon… – Cold-water Corals and …, 2005 – Springer

… Mapping, habitat characterization, and fish surveys of Oculina coral reef MPA 459 Fig. 8 Reefballs

deployed within Sebastian Pinnacles of Oculina MPA: A reefball with snowy grouper (80 m depth);

B close-up of Oculina varicosa coral growing on reefball (80 m depth) A B …

 

Available only from Publisher Comparison of baited remote underwater video (BRUV) and underwater visual census (UVC) for assessment of artificial reefs in estuaries

M Lowry, H Folpp, M Gregson, I Suthers – Journal of Experimental Marine …, 2012 – Elsevier

… Artificial reef systems were constructed using Minni-Bay Reef Ball® units. … 2.4. Underwater

visual census (UVC). Diver observations were carried out using a combination of stationary

point count followed by a systematic search of all reef ball units. …

 

[PDF] Wave energy dissipation over porous media

SR Pudjaprasetya, I Magdalena – Appl. Math. Sci, 2013 – m-hikari.com

… We focus on the magnitude of |(k)| with respect to the non-dimensional variables d (relative reefball

height), fS , and r (normalized frequency). Approximating … It is clear from the figure that a larger

relative reefball height d yields a larger value of |(k)|, and hence more damping. …

 

[PDF] Steven B. Scyphers, Sean P. Powers &

KL Heck – researchgate.net

… Post-deployment monitoring found that: bagged oyster breakwaters sup- ported much higher

densities of live ribbed mussels than Reef Ball breakwaters; both breakwater configura- tions

supported increased species richness of juvenile and smaller fishes compared to controls …

 

An impact and management study of Taiwanese artificial reef deployment

CT Chuang, E Guinea, HH Kuo – 2008 – ir.library.oregonstate.edu

… Other designed systems include enhanced surfing, control of erosion on beaches, create

aquaculture opportunities for lobster, create oyster beds, or can also be used for a large variety

of other specialized needs (Reef Ball Foundation, 2007) … Available on: http://www.reefball.org …

 

 A TWO DIMENSIONAL HYDRODYNAMICS MODEL IN THE VICINITY OF ARTIFICIAL REEFS

HD Armono, ITS Nopember – personal.its.ac.id

… 31, pp. 39-59. 15. Reef Ball Development Group, Ltd., 1997., Internet Brochure.,

http://www.reefball.org. 16. Richardson, JE, 1996, “Surf Similarity”, Flow Science

Technical Note # 44, FSI-96-00- TN44, Los Alamos, NM., 8 p. 17. …

 

Available from publisher only 10 Aesthetic Components of Ecological Restoration

J Tallman – Coral Reef Restoration Handbook, 2006 – books.google.com

… Another group utilizing the transplanting technique is the Reef Ball Foundation, Inc. …

Aquascapists of the Reef Ball Foundation Coral Team employ their creative and scientific

backgrounds to cover reefs with coral, algae, and sponge transplants. …

 

Long Term Monitoring of a Deep-water Coral Reef: Effects of Bottom Trawling.

JK Reed, CC Koenig, AN Shepard, RG Gilmore Jr – 2007 – archive.rubicon-foundation.org

… An artificial reef restoration project has placed over 100 1-m diameter, hollow,

concrete domes (Reef Balls, Reef Ball Foundation, www.reefball.org) in rubble areas

of the OHAPC in 2000 and 2001 (Koenig et al., 2005). Scamp …

 

Google Book Ecological implications of developing coastal protection structures

AC Jensen, BA Hamer… – Coastlines, structures and …, 1998 – books.google.com

… built structures have also been developed in the USA and commercial companies, such as Reef

Ball Development Group Ltd (makers of an alveolar spherical module)(http://www. reefball.

org/index. html) export their technology worldwide (125 projects, 20000 reefballs). …

 

Artificial reefs for submerged and sub-aerial habitat protection, mitigation, and restoration

LE Harris, MP Woodring – Proceedings of the Gulf and …, 2003 – globalrestorationnetwork.org

… To date, funds and labor to construct the reef have been derived entirely through educational

participant programs and voluntary services. The Reef Ball Coalition has spearheaded the efforts

in organizing the participant programs. … 3-Row Reef Ball Breakwater 0 …

 

Artificial reef Nienhagen/Baltic Sea

H Nickels, D Lesemann, T Mohr – Proceedings of the Third …, 2006 – comc.ncku.edu.tw

… In addition, it was also to be considered whether “reef ball” elements (Reef Balls™), which had

been installed in artificial submerged reefs all over the world, were suitable. Figure 2 Placing

plan for the works Page 5. … Figure 5 Picture of reef ball UltraTM Page 7. …

 

Available from publisher only Demonstration of a new technology for restoration of Red Mangrove (Rhizophora mangle) in high-energy environments

J Krumholz, C Jadot – Marine Technology Society Journal, 2009 – ingentaconnect.com

… The cultivator is a specially designed concrete miniature Reef Ball™ artificial reef unit with a large

opening at the top, one small opening on each side (for water circulation), and a large hole at

the bottom to allow an optimal anchoring of the root system into the substrate (Figure ..

 

Oyster Reef Restoration in North Carolina: Recommendations for Improvements in Techniques and Monitoring

JA Black – 2011 – dukespace.lib.duke.edu

… the northern region of the state (Hardy 2011). A B Figure 2 A. Reef ball before oyster recruitment

(Reef Ball Foundation 2011). B. Reef ball after oyster recruitment (Allied Concrete 2011). Reef

balls can be made out of either concrete or a combination of concrete and oyster …

 

Available from publisher only Fish assemblage on artificial reefs in south Brazilian coast

CLF Jardeweski, TCM de Almeida – Journal of Coastal Research, 2006 – JSTOR

… Two groups of three structures (Reef Ball ) were disposed in the Island Joao da Cunha/SC, a group located near the rocky shore and the other with a distance of 50 meters. … In each of the areas where the artificial reefs were sunk, 3 Reef Ball structures were placed. …

 

Engineering Modeling of Wave Transmission of Reef Balls

M Buccino, I Del Vita, M Calabrese – Journal of Waterway, Port, …, 2013 – ascelibrary.org

… benefits. In this study, one of the most popular environmentally friendly units for

submerged breakwaters is analyzed, the Reef Ball (RB) (Reef Ball Foundation,

Athens, Georgia) with respect to its wave energy transmittance. …

 

Fish responses to increasing distance from artificial reefs on the Southeastern Brazilian Coast

LN dos Santos, DS Brotto, IR Zalmon – Journal of Experimental Marine …, 2010 – Elsevier

… Full-size image (64 K) Full-size image (64 K) Fig. 1. Geographic location of the north coast

of Rio de Janeiro (Southeastern Brazil), where the reef complex was deployed. The spatial

arrangement of the reef ball replicates and sets is also shown. …

 

Enhancing Natural Resources Programs with Service Learning1

J Easton, MC Monroe – 2001 – edistt.ifas.ufl.edu

… Sarasota Bay’s marine habitat was impacted by dredging projects. To provide habitat for marine

life, members of a 4-H club in Sarasota, Florida, partnered with the Reef Ball Development Group

to construct and deploy 350 to 400 pound concrete reef balls. …

 

Available from publisher only Genetic diversity and relatedness of the mangrove Rhizophora mangle L.(Rhizophoraceae) using amplified fragment polymorphism (AFLP) among locations in Florida …

M Albrecht, KM Kneeland, E Lindroth… – Journal of Coastal …, 2013 – Springer

… Croix, Virgin Islands Sandy Point National Wildlife Refuge (Mike Barandiaran, Pers. Comm.)

and the Reef Ball Mangrove Solutions Foundation locations in Grand Cayman and Florida (Reef

Ball 2011). Other efforts are ongoing in Columbia (Salas-Leiva et al. 2009b). …

 

Available from publisher only Coral reef restoration handbook

M Stachowitsch – Marine Ecology, 2008 – Wiley Online Library

… 7 and 16). The esthetic component of different approaches is discussed in Chapter

10, including the issue of artificial reefs and the role of highly active organizations such

as the Reef Ball Foundation. Ethical dilemmas are discussed …

 

Available from publisher only Innovation in online communities–towards community-centric design

PB Brandtzæg, A Følstad, M Obrist, D Geerts, R Berg – User centric media, 2010 – Springer

… 90 countries proposed car designs on the theme of “Retrofuturism” (www.peugeot-avenue.com)

[3]. Other examples, in addition to those mentioned in the introduction, include how enterprises

and NPOs such as IBM, Adidas, Reebok, Mazda, Sun, Reef Ball Foundation, Creative …

 

Available from publisher onlyArtificial reef technology

KJ Collins, AC Jensen, IP Smith – Man-Made Objects on the Seafloor …, 2000 – onepetro.org

… Wilson and Van Sickle, 1989) The greatest number of artlflclal reefs have been deployed off the

Florida coast where sport diving is another driving factor Purpose built structures have also been

developed and commercial companies, such as Reef Ball Development Group Ltd …

 

Site fidelity, movement, and growth of red snapper: implications for artificial reefmanagement

AJ Strelcheck, JH Cowan… – American Fisheries …, 2007 – researchgate.net

… Oct-02 34 35 38 3 14 22 146 Total 371 435 358 484 247 342 413 271 271 200 110 151 430

234 4317 Date Tagged Tagging Site Total Table 2. Number of red snapper tagged at each tagging

site over time. T = Tetrahedron; RB = Reef– ball. Page 8. Strelcheck et al. Site Fidelity ..

 

Artificial reef influence on the surrounding infauna—north coast of Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil

IR Zalmon, CD Boina… – Journal of the Marine …, 2012 – Cambridge Univ Press

… Three sediment samples from each dis- tance of the reef ball structure system were

processed for macrofaunal identification (mean values) and one for particle size and

geochemical analysis for organic content and carbon- ate (absolute values). …

 

MIAMI BEACH, FLORIDA, REEF BALL™ BREAKWATER DESIGN

D WARD, D KING JR – World Scientific

 

Study On Reef ball At Batu Penyu nearby Talang Talang Island

D Awang, IB Pit – fri.gov.my

Abstract. This papers presents data collected by Fisheries Research Institute Sarawak 

Branch on the status of reef balls in the Kuching region of southern Sarawak in April 2003. 

The primary aim of the project, and main role of Fisheries Research Institute Sarawak …

 

 A New Technology for Artificial Reef Construction in Coastal Ecosystems

C Warzecha – 1997 – conservancy.umn.edu

… The removal of brass fittings, commonly found in ships, is important because brass is toxic

for some marine organisms (Reef Ball Development, Ltd. 1997). … Reef Ball design recognizes

the fact that the profile of a structure alone will not support fish. 

 

Reef Balls

J Krumholz, TR Barber – Encyclopedia of Modern Coral Reefs, 2011 – Springer

… (2) The Reef Ball Foundation, 3305 Edwards Court, 27858 Atlanta, GA, USA. Jason Krumholz

(Corresponding author). Email: jkrumholz@gso.uri.edu. … Photo credit: http://​www.​reefball.​

org. Reef Balls. Figure 3 A reef Ball in Indonesia which has been in place for about 5 years. …

 

MAPPING OF ARTIFICIAL REEF HABITATS BY SIDE SCAN SONAR AND ROV IN THE NORTHWESTERN MID-ATLANTIC COASTAL OCEAN

PF Straub, S Evert, TLH Luke, MC Sullivan – JOINT INTERNATIONAL … – ww.aaus.org

… Structures on the reef include reef ball fields, concrete castings, armored vehicles, deck barges

and the Jessie C, a 20-m crew boat. … Point counts were also made at reef ball sites and other

structures including a large crew boat, the Jessie C, within the LE reef system. …

 

Preliminary Evaluation of Artificial Reef Fish Colonization in Punta Palmar, Yucatan, Mexico

M Ferreira, T Colas-Marrufo, A Tuz-Sulub, E Perez… – Proceedings of the Gulf and …, 2005

 

Colonisation of artificial reef balls in Talang-Satang National Park, Sematan, Sarawak

NN Amarina, BM Kaie – 2012 – ir.unimas.my

… 20 Page 4. 4.4 Percentage Cover of Hard Coral Colonisation by Different

Levels in Individual Reef Ball…………… 21 … 20 Table 3: Percentage of

HC colonisation by genera in each reef ball 23 …

 

Private reef building in Alabama and Florida

M De Alessi – 1996 – dlc.dlib.indiana.edu

… Another firm called Reef Ball Ltd., located in Georgia, designs reef molds for creating

concrete artificial reefs. In Alabama, a deployed ReefBall model sells for only slightly more

than a car body (about $300) and lasts much longer. Reef Ball Ltd. …

 

Artificial Reef Research OFF Coastal Alabama

AJ Strelcheck – INTO THE NEW MILLENNIUM, 2001 – artificialreefs.org

… Reef Ball 6 supported the highest abundance and biomass of all Reef Balls™, while Reef Ball

5 supported the lowest biomass of reef fish, and Reef Ball 1 supported the lowest abundance

of reef fish. Grouper Ghetto GG2GG3GG4GG5GG6GG7GG8 Reef Fish Abundance …

 

Fish colonization of artificial reefs in the Persian Gulf (Bandar Lengeh-Iran): Reef designs and seasonal changes of fish abundance

D Ajdari, S Hajirezaee, Z Ajdari – International Journal of Fisheries …, 2011 – researchgate.net

… For this purpose, eight treatments including different forms of artificial reefs, reef ball (RB), fish

house (FH), non-designed materials (ND), RB+FH, RB+ND, FH+ND and RB+ND+FH and one

control group (C) were established. … Key words: Artificial reefs, reef ball, Persian Gulf. …

 

Fish settlement on reefballs artificial reef and natural coral reef at Buyat Bay and surrounding areas, North Sulawesi, Indonesia

J KOJANSOW, D SOMPIE, D EMOR… – … , Journal of Coral Reef …, 2013 – jlc.jst.go.jp

… PT. Newmont Minahasa Raya bought the print directly from the Reef Ball Development

Group in the United States with 2 types of Reef balls, Bay Ball and Pallet Ball. Since …

Reef Ball Development Group, Ltd., Florida, USA. Retrieved …

 

Location by color echosounder of Reef-building on the Asturian Continental slope (NW Spain)

LM Álvarez – reefball.org

Page 1. Location by color echosounder of Reef-building on the Asturian Continental

slope (NW Spain) LM Álvarez (1) (1) ATSG 98, Instrumentación SL Reef Ball España.

luism@instrumentaciongeotecnica.eu Abstract: Over ..

 

 Reef Fish Community Structure at Unpublished Artificial Reef Sites Off Northwest Florida: Implications for Harvest Refugia

MA Dance – 2004 – etd.fcla.edu

… xi 7. Still frame captures of digital video demonstrating changes in fouling communities and

burial/scouring at reef ball site B7 by quarter. … 8. Still frame captures of digital video demonstrating

changes in fouling communities and burial/scouring at reef ball site A53 by quarter. …

 

 Environmental Engineering in action: enhancing marine biodiversity within the Long Bay-Okura Marine Reserve

T Taylor, J Buckeridge – Proceedings of the 9th Annual New Zealand …, 2002 – reefball.org

… A Reefball (RB) is a semi-spherical concrete structure with a hollow center and a series of circular

holes (fig 1). RB’s come in a number of sizes … Other factors favouring the use of Reefballs are that

they are portable, cost efficient, and stable in the environment. Fig1: Reef Ball …

 

“Grey” Papers, PDF Articles, Etc.

 

 Underwater counts of fish and lobster inhabiting Reef Ball habitats on New Jersey ocean reef sites

B Figley, J Daetsch – NJDEP. Federal Aid to Sportfish Restoration Program F …, 2004

 

Concrete’reef ball‘Project to shed light on coral growth

R Ormerod – 1998 – artificialreef.com

Reefballs are concrete beehive-type structures about a metre high. They weigh 1.2 tonnes 

and are criss-crossed through the middle with tunnels. The concrete consists of an 

environmentally-friendly composite which, over time, becomes pH-neutral to encourage …

 

Exploring the Ocean Planet

M Menduno – Scientific American, 1998 – artificialreef.com

… coastal rain forests in Belize, Indonesia, Australia and the Philippines. In the US,

interested community groups and dive clubs can help restore the reefs through the

assistance of the Reef Ball Development Group in Sarasota, Fla. …

 

Project ORB (Operation Reef Ball): Creating Artificial Reefs, Educating the Community

A Phipps – EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts, 2012 – adsabs.harvard.edu

Abstract The Project ORB (Operation Reef Ball) team at South Plantation High School’s 

Everglades Restoration & Environmental Science Magnet Program is trying to help our 

ailing south Florida coral reefs by constructing, deploying, and monitoring designed …

 

DEP Will Sink Ship to Enhance Artificial Reef Site for Anglers, Divers

BM Campbell, CRJ Codey – njfishandwildlife.com

… Page 3. 3 Mike Nitsche Reef Ball As an instructional trade carpenter for Southern State

Correctional Facility in Delmont, Mike Nitsche has led the prison’s Reef Ball construction

efforts for the past four years. … How Many Fish Inhabit a Reef Ball? …

 

[PDF] Lembeh Divers House Reef Project Report

G Winstanley – 2008 – lembehresort.com

… 3 Reef–ball installations….. 4 Wreck ….. 4 … 7 Reef–ball installations…..

 

东山海域人工鱼礁区的布局与适应性管理研究

王麟鹤 – 2012 – dspace.xmu.edu.cn

… Through the analysis of natural conditions and fisheries resources of Dongshan sea area, and

refering to the construction of marine ranching in Haizhou bay and the domestic and foreign

research achievement of reef design, boat reef, reef ball, shape of “回” reef, cross reef, and …

 

Oyster Reef Restoration and Monitoring, Wellfleet, MA Draft Final Report

WBW Sanctuary – 2011 – mass.gov

… St. Cloud, Florida, through the Reef Ball Foundation (reefball.org). Oyster Castles were … The size

distribution of oysters is estimated by measuring the length of 25 individual oysters within the

0.25 m2 quadrat or on an individual reef ball or castle to the Page 4. …

 

St. Mary’s River Oyster Reef Restoration: Construction and Monitoring

R Paul, C Tanner – 2012 – smrwa.org

… While the initial cost of Reef Ball™ molds is substantial, production of the concrete reef

balls is labor intensive but inexpensive. … 9). Three of these reefs will have concrete rubble

at their core and three will have Reef Ball™ cores (Fig. 10). …

 

Direct seeding of mass-cultured coral larvae is not an effective option for reef rehabilitation

AJ Edwards, JR Guest, AJ Heyward, RD Villanueva… – Mar Ecol Prog …, 2015 – int-res.com

… Experimental design Standardized artificial substrates (‘pallet balls’, Reef Ball Foundation) were

used as experimental units to mimic areas of denuded reef and avoid con- founding effects of

highly variable natural reef sub- strates on the settlement of corals. …

 

Artificial Reef Performance in Lake Pontchartrain, Louisiana

K Whitmore – 2006 – scholarworks.uno.edu

… Figure 3 Timeline of reef ball stability surveys and storms affecting Lake

Pontchartrain in 2004 and 2005. ….22 … Stars indicate locations of reefs including

reef ball reefs (H1, H3, H4, and N1) and the limestone reef (L1). …

 

Survival rate of coral fragments transplanted by different methods

P SUJIRACHATO… – … , Journal of Coral Reef …, 2013 – jlc.jst.go.jp

… P. damicornis The branching coral P. damicornis was attached into clay pots made by mixing

building cement and fast dry cement in a ratio 1:2. Then the complete clay pots were placed in

the holes of each “coral ball” (adapted from Reef BallsTM, Reef Ball Foundation 2010). …

 

Present Status and Prospect of Artificial Reef in Thailand (Website of original publisher may no longer be active, unable to find articial) 

김동선 – 海洋環境安全學會 2008 年度 春季學術發表會, 2008 – dbpia.co.kr

… Or reef ball material that was deploy for prevent current and renourishment beach (Harris, 2003).

Method to deploy or material will be different on purpose of artificial reef program while Thailand

artificial reef still use same structure to provide for solve the problem. …

 

Using Fish Behavior to Assess Habitat Quality of a Restored Oyster Reef

CA Layman, ZR Jud, DA Arrington, D Sabin – Ecological Restoration, 2014 – muse.jhu.edu

… The goal of this project was to create new oyster reef habitat in the substrate-limited section

of river by deploying bags of dried oyster shell and Reef BallsTM (Reef Ball Foundation, Inc.,

Athens, GA, USA) under privately owned residential docks (Figure 1). …

 

2006 final report of the Sarasota and Tampa Bay artificial reef evaluation of the influence ofreef number and artificial habitat on fish colonization.

BR Blackburn, KM Leber, S Peatrowsky – 2008 – dspace.mote.org

… Table 3. Species percent contribution estimates of the common game species observed at the

4, 8, 16, and 32 reef ball sites located within the Bayshore North (BSN), Bayshore South (BSS),

Whale Key (WK), Bulkheads (BH), and Southeast Tampa Bay (SETB) reef systems for …

 

Available only from Publisher (Springer) Artificial Reef Methodology for Coastal Protection Using Submerged Structures: A Numerical Modeling Approach

B Ontowirjo, HD Armono – Soft Shore Protection, 2003 – Springer

… 31, 1997, pp. 39-59. Reef Ball Development Group, Ltd.: Internet Brochure.,

http://www.reefball.org. Richardson, J .E.: ‘Surf Similarity’, Flow Science Technical

Note # 44, FSI -96-00- TN44, Los Alamos, NM., 1996,8,1997. White …

 

Application of acoustic telemetry to assess residency and movements of rockfish and lingcod at created and natural habitats in Prince William Sound

BF Reynolds, SP Powers, MA Bishop – PloS one, 2010 – dx.plos.org

… Reef Ball and Fish Haven surfaces were approximately 70 and 15 percent colonized, respectively

[25]. … One receiver each was centered in the Reef Ball and Fish Haven artificial reef complexes

and a third receiver was positioned near the shore of Smitty’s Cove. …

 

Available only from publisher Artificial reefs: from waste to resources

LE Harris, BJ Mostkoff, G Zadikoff – OCEANS’96. MTS/IEEE. …, 1996 – ieeexplore.ieee.org

… DC, 1996. PCP Lin, “Stability analysis for DERM artificial reef module,” letter report

to Dade County DERM, Coastal Systems, Inc., Coral Gables, FL, 1992. [7] Reef Ball

Development Group, Ltd. (RBDG), misc. printed and electronic .

 

Influence of reef location on artificial-reef fish assemblages in the northcentral Gulf of Mexico

AJ Strelcheck, JH Cowan, A Shah – Bulletin of Marine Science, 2005 – ingentaconnect.com

… reef com- plexes (three reefs per site) of two different designs (Grouper Ghettos® —four-sided,

concrete tetrahedron (3.5 m3) and Reefballs®—dome-shaped … reef within each artificial reef

complex that was used for research (ie, GG-2 —Grouper Ghetto 2; RB-5 = Reefball 5). …

Cited by 26 Related articles All 3 versions Cite Save

 

[BOOK] Oculina Banks: Habitat, fish populations, restoration, and enforcement

CC Koenig – 2001 – safmc.net

… It is possible that some of the reefball sites are already functioning as spawning

aggregation sites, but we won’t be certain until we observe the area during the spawning

season. We also observed male gag in the vicinity of the reefballs. …

 

Oculina banks restoration project: description and preliminary assessment

S Brooke, CC Koenig, AN Shepard – Proceedings of the 57th Gulf and …, 2005 – safmc.net

… Reefballs were perforated hemispherical concrete structures (www.reefball.org) approximately

1 m in diameter, 0.7 m high and weighing 180 kg (Figure 2). Reefballs were chosen to simulate

  1. varicosa colonies and provide fish with benthic structure similar to natural coral …

 

(Coral Restoration Handbook available from publisher) If you build it, will they come? Toward a concrete basis for coral reef gardening

LS Kaufman, WF Precht – Coral reef restoration handbook. Taylor …, 2006 – books.google.com

… ReefBalls and Grouper Ghettos are cast cement hemispheres (ReefBalls) or angular

forms with holes and open spaces in them. ReefBalls in particular can be mass

produced and deployed by the hundreds or thousands to construct …

 Statement of the Problem

P Straub, M Sullivan, TH Luke, S Evert – stockton-underwater-science. …

… discrete digital video intervals. Point counts were also made at reef ball sites and on the Jessie

  1. crew boat site within … 7 A vs. B reefballs) and fish diversity (tautog, black sea bass, cunner,

etc.). … LE Reef – Reefball Field 10:44 11:03 11:22 11:42 12:01 12:20 …

 

Available only from Publisher Coral degradation and ability of rehabilitation of coral reefs in Co To Archipelago, Quang Ninh province, Vietnam

ND Ngai, ND Cu, DA Tuyet – Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in …, 2013 – Elsevier

… 2.4. Transplanting coral. Two types of shelters were applied for transplanting corals −. Concrete

reefballs (Reef Ball Foundation, 2008 and Precht, 2006) were designed for transplanting coral

colonies with measurements: 1 … The reefball can be placed on sand or rubble bottom. …

 

DEP Will Sink Ship to Enhance Artificial Reef Site for Anglers, Divers

BM Campbell, CRJ Codey – njfishandwildlife.com

… Page 3. 3 Mike Nitsche Reef Ball As an instructional trade carpenter for Southern State

Correctional Facility in Delmont, Mike Nitsche has led the prison’s Reef Ball construction

efforts for the past four years. … How Many Fish Inhabit a Reef Ball? …

 

Available only from Publisher SHU and CT Audubon Receive Grant to Implement Coastal Protection Project at Stratford Point

J Mattei – 2013 – works.bepress.com

… Each reef ball—manufactured by the non- profit Reef Ball Foundation—has Swiss-cheese-like

holes to allow water, tides, sediments and marine life to move in and out. … Surveys in New Jersey

found 14 species of fish, as well as American lobsters, inhabiting a reef ball area. …

 

Can the last deep-sea Oculina coral reefs be saved?: A management analysis of the Oculina Habitat Area of Particular Concern

K Roth – 2007 – dukespace.lib.duke.edu

… Koenig et al. 2005). In 2000, Koenig et al. (2005) placed artificial reef modules and

reef balls (Reef Ball Foundation, www.reefball.org) in areas of the OECA where reefs

had been destroyed. Reef balls are concrete domes 1 meter …

 

Community Science–Recruiting, Training & Leading Scientific Dive Teams: Transects, Quadrats, Lift Bags and Science to “Save the Bay”.

RB Carey, RV Ducey – 2005 – archive.rubicon-foundation.org

… Spat-on-Shell Planting Method, Reef Ball Positioning. … Figure 4 Spat-on-Shell Method Reef Ball

Positioning: (Figure 5) Corp of Engineers and State permits governing the positioning of reef balls

for fish habitat requires a minimum water depth to provide adequate …

 

Artificial reef research in Broward County 1993-2000: A summary report

RE Spieler – Broward County Department of Planning and …, 2000 – nsuworks.nova.edu

… Page 7. 6 Figure 3. “Reef Ball ™ ” module, is a commercial module, readily

manufactured in replicate and easy to deploy. Page 8. 7 … Rinker Reef 75 11 Untreated

Reef Ball 25 8 Swiss Cheese 38 6 Reef Ball with blocks 58 12 …

 

Carolina Víquez M. Master’s Final Project

J Adams, S McDowell, C Gleber – a79.cci.fsu.edu

… Create an artificial coral at home • How to create a Coral Reef with Reef Ball™ … Goal The main

objective of this website will be to teach high school students from Costa Rica how to create

artificial coral reefs with the reef ball and some basic knowledge about …

 

Coastal degradation leaves the Caribbean in troubled waters

JN Poussart, S Kluser, P Peduzzi – 2008 – archive-ouverte.unige.ch

… Reefballs have already been installed in 14 Caribbean Islands as well as in several Latin

American countries (Reefball Foundation(k)). Much care must be taken with such projects, as

coastal engineering works may disrupt natural sediment movements and in many cases even …

 

Distribusi karang dan ikan karang di kawasan reef ball Teluk Buyat Kabupaten Minahasa Tenggara

I Manembu, L Adrianto, DG Bengen… – Jurnal Perikanan dan …, 2012 – ejournal.unsrat.ac.id

Abstract Penempatan reef ball di perairan Teluk Buyat dan sekitarnya telah dilakukan pada 

tahun 1999 oleh PT. Newmont Minahasa Raya. Tujuan penempatan reef ball untuk 

membangun habitat berbagai biota yang berasosiasi dengan karang sehingga dapat …

 

[PDF] Mapping Nearshore Marine Habitats with Video and Sidescan

H Vandermeulen, S Steller – Photographs, 2007 – bio.gc.ca

… Once a month, divers take a census of the animal and plant community, photo-docu-

menting marked areas of each Reef Ball. Yearly, 100-cm2 sections of each Reef Ball are

scraped and suctioned to sample the smallest animals and plants. …

 

[PDF] Investigations and Recommendations for Solutions to the Beach Erosion Problems in the City of Herzliya, Israel

LE Harris – 2007 – reefball.org

… iii List of Tables Table 1. Available Reef Ball Unit Sizes for Breakwater Cosntruction ….. 19 List

of Figures … Lee E. Harris, Ph.D., PE, Consulting Coastal and Oceanographic Engineer 6 Reef Ball

TM Submerged Artificial reef Breakwaters 6.1 Reef Ball TM Reef Units …

 

Shoreline stabilization and habitat restoration at Helen Wood Park, AL Kenneth L Heck, Jr., Sean P. Powers, Steven B. Scyphers and Dorothy Byron Final …

KL Heck Jr – 2010 – mobilebaynep.com

… Figure 4b. Cost of materials and delivery for Reef Ball modules versus loose oyster shell and

bagging supplies. No labor costs are reflected in the figure. $0 $1,000 $2,000 $3,000 $4,000

$5,000 $6,000 $7,000 $8,000 $9,000 $10,000 Shell Reefballs Su p p lie s Co st for 25 …

 

Available only by the publisher The habitat‐creation potential of offshore wind farms

JC Wilson, M Elliott – Wind Energy, 2009 – Wiley Online Library

… Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 2006; 68: 379. 21. Reef Ball Foundation. [Online]. Available:

http://www.reefball.org/. (Accessed 30 August 2007) 22. Perkol-Finkel S, Benayahu Y. Differential

recruitment of benthic communities on neighbouring artificial and natural reefs. …

 

Available only by the Publisher Selected methods to mitigate environmental threats along Poland’s Baltic Sea coast

L Kruk-DowgiaHo, R Opiola, A Osowiecki… – … : Proceedings of the …, 2006 – books.google.com

… The complex planned for the Gulf of Gdansk consists of 50 modules (Figs. 2, 3). It will be

a part of the world network of artificial reefs (REEF BALL) established by Reef Ball

Development Group Ltd (Bradenton, USA; www. reefbal. org). … reefball. org). …

 

Kurzmitteilung: Hartsubstrate in der Ostsee

R Karez – Jahresbericht, 2004 – umweltdaten.landsh.de

… gelegentlich an die Behörden im Lande heran, etwa um Genehmi- gungen für die Einbringung

von so genannten Reefballs (halbe und … Abbildung 1: Reefball (hohle Halbkugel aus Beton mit

mehreren Öffnungen) bei Holtenau, bewachsen mit kurzlebi- gen Grün- und Rotalgen …

 

Available only by the publisher Aspects of coastal erosion and protection in Europe

E Pranzini, L Wetzel, AT Williams – Journal of Coastal Conservation, 2015 – Springer

… cost. Precast blocks (Tecnoreef©, Reef ball© and unpatented elements) have been

used in Europe over the last 40 years to attract fish and are now proposed for artificial

reef construc- tion in order to protect the shore. These …

 

Beyond Individual Transferable Quotas

M De Alessi – oldfraser.lexi.net

… Artificial reefs do not have to be immense, expensive structures to be effective. Reef

Ball Development Ltd. of Doraville, Georgia markets a kit for making artificial reefs out

of concrete using a fiberglass mold and an inflatable bladder. …

 

Artificial Reefs, Final Paper

P Suprenand, H Cummins – jrscience.wcp.miamioh.edu

… The Reef Ball Foundation has developed a special team of volunteer experts that can train local

volunteers to propagate and plant corals with a high level of success (usually 80-100% survival

of fragments … Reefball http://www.reefball.com/reefballcoalition/coralrestoration.htm. …

 

Availalbe only from Publisher Development of a multi-purpose reef at Orewa Beach, New Zealand

S Mead, K Black – 2005 – search.informit.com.au

… and maintenance (retention) of sand on the beach; • A multi-functional (recreational) facility eg

surfing (in all its forms), snorla:lting, etc; • An ecological function, enhaocing habitat, lifting the

extent of marine life in the localized area by incorporating & utilizing “ReefBalls“; 679 …

 

THE STUDY OF PARAMETER INFLUENCE ON WAVE TRANSMISSION THROUGH HEMISPHERICAL ARTIFICIAL REEFS

HD Armono – personal.its.ac.id

… The results of a field survey shows that the Reef Ball™ is greatly assisting with reef stabilization

and is also assisting with beach restoration at the Resort. A. Turtle Blocks I … Test 6 is a limited test

of a conventional submerged breakwater (test without any Reef Ball™ units). …

 

Experiment of coral transplantation as the tool for rehabilitation of degraded coral reefs in Ha Long Bay Natural World Heritage Site, Viet Nam

N Van Quan – rufford.org

… coral or coral rubber. – Reef ball: this model was designed as the round shape with

the bottom diameter of 50cm, 35cm in height and a vacant area inside. There were

6 … reef ball, PVC column and building materials. Reef ball …

 

FLOW FIELD AROUND SINGLE AND MULTI HOLLOW HEMISPHERICAL BALL ARTIFICIAL REEFS USED FOR FISH HABITATS

HD Armono, ASJ Swamidas… – Proceedings of the 18th …, 1999 – researchgate.net

… 31, pp. 39-59. 16. Reef Ball Development Group, Ltd., 1997., Internet Brochure.,

http://www.reefball.org. 17. Richardson, JE, 1996, “Surf Similarity”, Flow Science

Technical Note # 44, FSI-96-00-TN44, Los Alamos, NM., 8 p. 18. …

 

Available only from the Publisher THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ARTIFICIAL REEFS FOR REHABILITATION AND PRODUCTION OF FISHERIES IN IRAN

H Azhdari, A Taghavi, MS Mortazavi, I Azhdari… – 2010 – agris.fao.org

… The experimental plan consisted (i) Reef ball (R), designed hemispherical shaped; (ii) Laneh

Mahi (L), designed pyramid shaped; (iii) Used material (U); (iv) mixed (RL); (v) mixed (RU);

(vi) mixed (LU); (vii) mixed (RLU); and (viii) control site (CS). …

 

[BOOK] Assessment of artificial reefs in Lake Macquarie NSW

M Lowry, NS Wales, RF Trusts – 2010 – reefballaustralia.com.au

… construction….. 6 Figure 2. Side view and top down view of ‘Mini Bay’ Reef Ball. …. … al. 2005).

Figure 2. Side view and top down view of ‘Mini Bay’ Reef Ball. …

Cited by 4 Related articles All 3 versions Cite Save More

 

[PDF] The Refuge Effect of Unpublished Artificial Reefs Deployed on the Northwest Florida Shelf (FWC-06120): 2005-08 Modeling Report

WF Patterson III, DT Addis, MA Dance – 2009 – mbara.org

… Individual modules were sampled separately for fish haven and reef ball sites whose modules

were >8 m apart on the seafloor (B1, B3, B4, B7, B9, B11, B16, C14, and C36) (Patterson and

Dance 2005). The entire video sampling procedure was accomplished in <10 minutes. …

 

Wave attenuation by artificial reefs

M Bleck – 2006 – repository.tudelft.nl

… Kiel Bay in the Baltic Sea, being an attraction for both fish and divers (Fig.4). Fig.4: Reef–Ball

in the Baltic Sea (Source: www.reefball.com) Aside from generating new habitats, artificial reefs

are therefore also an advantage for tourist and recreational industries. …

 

STRUKTUR KOMUNITAS IKAN KARANG PADA BOLA KARANG (REEF BALL) DI PERAIRAN PULAU PANJANG, KABUPATEN JEPARA, JAWA TENGAH

MYM Azhari, B Hendrarto… – Management of Aquatic …, 2014 – ejournal-s1.undip.ac.id

Abstract Pulau panjang merupakan salah satu objek wisata didaerah Jepara. Daya tarik dari 

wisata pulau Panjang yaitu terdapat ekosistem terumbu karang yang dimanfaatkan oleh 

wisatawan, dan masyarakat setempat. Adanya kegiatan wisata tersebut dapat …

 

Available only from Publisher Kontribusi terumbu buatan (Reef Ball) dalam pengembangan minawisata bahari di Wilayah Pesisir Ratatotok Sulawesi Utara

IS Manembu – 2013 – repository.ipb.ac.id

Impacts of artificial reefs (reef ball) and its potential for the development of fisheries and 

marine tourism is presented in this paper. The study was conducted to analyze the 

ecological and economic impacts of artificial reefs, to assess the suitability of the area for …

 

ESTUDIO EXPERIMENTAL DE ALTERNATIVAS DE PROTECCIÓN COSTERA CASO CHELEM-CHUBURNÁ, YUCATÁN

JA Manrique Sanguino – 2012 – repositoriodigital.ipn.mx

… Fig.13 Reef Ball [www.reefball.org] Page 7. 7 CORE-LOC: El Core Loc es un elemento de concreto

para coraza de nueva generación, creado por el Cuerpo de Ingenieros del Ejército de los Estados

Unidos. Este elemento se ha usado en rompeolas desde 1994. …

 

[PDF] Exploraciones fuera y dentro del aula

EDELPM DEL PACÍFICO – cientec.or.cr

… Fondo Mundial para la Naturaleza. Turrialba, Costa Rica. Pp. 71-73. Fundación Reef Ball (2003).

Reefball@reffball.com Hernández, L., Roldán, C., Arguedas, S. (1998). Educación ambiental

para un desarrollo sostenible. Editorial EUNED. San José, Costa Rica. P.19. …

 

 WELLENDÄMPFUNG UND SPEKTRALE ENTWICKLUNG AN KÜNSTLICHEN RIFFEN

M Bleck, H Oumeraci – blasy-overland.de

1 Abb.1: Riffelement “Reefball” als Ziel für Taucher [www.reefball.com] … Des weiteren gibt es

spezielle Betonelemente, wie zB den in Abb.1 dargestellten Reefball, mit dem vor al- lem die

Artenvielfalt erhöht werden soll, was auch eine Attraktion für Taucher darstellen kann. …

 

Укріплення берегів узбережжя морів шляхом спорудження штучних рифів як біопозитивних берегорегулювальних систем

ОВ Бонь, ОГ Васенко, ВС Кресин – 2010 – ceemar.org

… У рамках проекту використовувалися штучні рифи «Reef Ball». Як елементи штучних рифів

використовувалися хвилеломи «Reef Ball» висотою 1,2 м і хвилеломи «Ультра Бол» висотою

1,3 м відповідно діаметрами 1,5 і 1,6 м і масами 1600 і 2000 кг. …

 

TANGGUNG JAWAB PERUSAHAAN PERTAMBANGAN TERHADAP LINGKUNGAN PASCAPENGELOLAANNYA

DN Damopoli – LEX ET SOCIETATIS, 2013 – ejournal.unsrat.ac.id

… Page 6. Lex et Societatis, Vol. I/No. 5/September/2013 10 yang datar menjadi lokasi

penempatan Reefball (terumbu buatan) yang telah menjadi rumah alami bagi karang dan

kolonisasi ikan. Untuk penyelaman dangkal bisa ke Arlena. … Reefball …

 

LAPORAN HIBAH PENELITIAN STRATEGIS NASIONAL

RTK BUATAN, DUPET KARANG…

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مطالعه هیستولوژیک دو گونه اسفنج دارای اسپیکول و فاقد اسیپکول در رده Demospongiae‎

نگین سلامات, نگین, درخشش, نگین – فیزیولوژی و بیوتکنولوژی …, 2014‎ – japb.guilan.ac.ir

… دﺎﻌﺑا 3 mm 1 ﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ رد . ﻊﻤﺟ رﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ يروآ ،ﺎﻫ ،عﻮﻤﺠﻣ رد هزﺎﺳ عﻮﻧ ود زا ﻲﻣﺮﻫ ي ﻞﻜﺷ Fish haven )

هﺎﮕﺘﺴﻳا A( هزﺎﺳ و يﺪﺒﻨﮔ ي عﻮﻧ ﻞﻜﺷ Reef ball ) هﺎﮕﺘﺴﻳا B( ﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا . … هﺎﮕﺘﺴﻳا هزﺎﺳ عﻮﻧ تﺎﺼﺘﺨﻣ A Fish haven

29°52 /682´N49 °20 /165´E B Reef ball 29°52 /330´N49 °15 /55´E … ‎

Komunitas Ikan Karang pada Tiga Model Terumbu Buatan (Artificial Reef) di Perairan Pasir Putih Situbondo, Jawa Timur

A Yanuar, A Aunurohim – Jurnal Sains dan Seni ITS, 2015 – ejurnal.its.ac.id

… Berdasarkan hasil penelitian komunitas ikan karang pada tiga terumbu buatan (KP; kubus

piramida, KT; kubus tersebar dan RB; reefball) di perairan … [2] I. Manembu, L. Adrianto, DG Bangen,

dan F. Yulianda, “Distribusi Karang dan Ikan Karang di Kawasan Reef Ball Teluk Buyat …

 

[PDF] Final Report and Accounting-1999 Lake Huron Coastal Habitats Study.-Results of 1998 and 1999 Yellow Perch Studies For the Michigan Chapter-The Nature …

MA Chriscinske, PL Hudson, MA Blouin – 2000 – lescheneauxwatershed.org

… The reefballs were set out at the beginning of the spawning season in water that was

approximately 3 feet deep. … II Page 8. Reef balls The adult yellow perch were not observed to have

used the reef balls as a spawning site during this initial year of the reef ball project. …

 

Innovative submerged structures/vegetation effects on coastal erosion: Numerical modeling of hydro-morphological processes

TA Karambas, C Koftis, E Koutandos… – The Twenty-second …, 2012 – onepetro.org

… These structures reduce the incident wave energy and consequently the wave erosive action.

Some examples of innovative submerged structures are Reef Ball (Harris, 2009) and

TECNOREEF (http://www.tecnoreef.com/). WAVE MODEL Boussinesq Model …

 

[BOOK] Coral Reef Resilience Assessment of the Pemba Channel Conservation Area, Tanzania

GD Grimsditch, J Tamelander, J Mwaura, M Zavagli… – 2009 – books.google.com

… An example is the deployment of reefballs in degraded coral reefs in order to promote coral

recruitment. … Adding artificial reef substrate with reefballs does not remove these stresses, and

recruits that settle on them will also be subjected to them and be at risk of mortality. …

 

[PDF] DEPARTURE FROM TRADITIONAL CONSUMPTION RITUALS: IMPLICATIONS FOR SUSTAINABILITY AND RITUAL TRANSFORMATION

CN Baker, SM Baker – ROBERT MITTELSTAEDT DOCTORAL …, 2014 – cba.unl.edu

… The first alternative is reef ball interment. … The practice began with reef restoration in 1990 and

morphed to a disposition option in 1998. A reef ball is a hollow half sphere with holes on all sides

that is placed on the ocean floor in order to mimic natural reef formations. …

 

Scientific Research Diving at USC Dornsife

E Lu – uscdiving.wordpress.com

… sink) are hotly debated amongst the scientific community. Reef Ball successfully growing

coral in Indonesia. Photo courtesy of http://www.reefball.org. Proponents of artificial reef

systems believe that reef habitat is the limiting factor for growth. …

 

[PDF] Coral-Algal Interactions in Coral Reef Recovery

K Theobald – 2003 – conservancy.umn.edu

… Reef-Balls™ (Figu 3). opular are re se l Co u Figure 3: Model representation of a Reef Ball quad

from a grounding restoration site. Each individual Reef Ball has 2 m paration from the other Reef

Balls the quad. (Photo :Nationa ral Reef Institute, in www.nova.ed 2000) …

 

Appears not to be online anymore Getting Increase of the Aquaculture Population and Varieties with the Artificial Habitats

Y Guner, E Can, M Kayim, G Turkmen, MA Canyurt – 2009 – eprints.ibu.edu.ba

… Figure 4. Japanese reef module “JU MBO” (Mottet, 1981) Figure 5. Plastic Kelp (Ishikawa,

1976) Figure 6. Abalone Nursey Block (Seaman, 1996) Figure 7. Reefball © Reefball

International Figure 8. American tyre reef modules (Collins et al. 1999) …

 

Artificial reef effect in relation to offshore renewable energy conversion: state of the art

O Langhamer – The Scientific World Journal, 2012 – hindawi.com

… The expected carrying capacities have been calculated based on reef ball observations. Adapted

from [13]. 5.2. … The estimated carrying capacity of a reef ball is about 385 kg fish during a year

and there will be needed 169 reef balls to cover a scour area [16]. …

 

Best Practices in Port Management: An Assessment of Two Ports

A Bacchioni – 2008 – dukespace.lib.duke.edu

… diversity, and therefore attracting fewer and less diverse fish (PTNNT, 1996). To enhance the

existing reefs, Corporation X began a ReefBall program in the Bay. ReefBalls are interspersed

within the natural reef to enhance the ecosystem. To date, 1072 …

 

Available only from publisher Coral Reefs: Indicators, Threats, and Conservation Resources

B Bischof – Environment: Science and Policy for Sustainable …, 2007 – Taylor & Francis

… org/ coralreefprograms). The Reef Ball Foundation (http://www .reefball.org) has

dedicated itself to the development of artifi- cial reefs made from concrete, which provide

fish habitat and coral transplantation surfaces. A few additional …

Available only from publisher Fish responses to increasing distance from artificial reefs on the Southeastern Brazilian Coast

LN dos Santos, DS Brotto, IR Zalmon – Journal of Experimental Marine …, 2010 – Elsevier

… Full-size image (64 K) Full-size image (64 K) Fig. 1. Geographic location of the north coast

of Rio de Janeiro (Southeastern Brazil), where the reef complex was deployed. The spatial

arrangement of the reef ball replicates and sets is also shown. …

 

Presence of juvenile blackfin snapper, Lutjanus buccanella, and snowy grouper, Epinephelus niveatus, on shallow-water artificial reefs

PT Arena, P Quinn, LKB Jordan, RL Sherman… – 2004 – nsuworks.nova.edu

… Page 8. “-105 Snowy Grouper 1be minimum size recorded for snowy grouper was 10 em on

a suuken vessel and the 2 – 5 em size class on the Reefballs. … The 1argestnumber of individuals

seen in any one countwas two individuals on the Reefballs (Table I). …

 

 بررسی جمعیت ماهیان در منطقه زیستگاه‌های مصنوعی در شمال غربی خلیج فارس‎

غلامرضا اسکندری, عماد کوچک نژاد, عماد, دهقان مدیسه… – مجله پژوهشهای …, 2014‎ – animal.ijbio.ir

… ایستگاه. 29°-52-682 N , 49°-20-165E. 128. Fish haven. A. 29°-52-330 N , 49°-15-559E. 128.

Reef ball. B. 29°-52-433 N , 49°-19-791E. 64+64. Reef ball & Fish haven. C. 29°-52-360 N ,

49°-18-678E. RB & FH & etc. (Old) قدیم. 29°-53-978 N , 49°-17-690E. بستر شنی و صخره ای. شاهد … ‎

 

Available Only from Publisher Ecological value of submerged breakwaters for habitat enhancement on a residential scale

SB Scyphers, SP Powers, KL Heck Jr – Environmental management, 2015 – Springer

… Post-deployment monitoring found that: bagged oyster breakwaters sup- ported much higher

densities of live ribbed mussels than Reef Ball breakwaters; both breakwater configura- tions

supported increased species richness of juvenile and smaller fishes compared to controls …

 

Design of low-crested (submerged) structures: An overview

KW Pilarczyk – 2003 – repository.tudelft.nl

… system. More information can be obtained from: www.artificialreefs.org and

reefball@reefball.com. … London. Barber, T., 1999, What are Reef Balls, Southwest

Florida Fishing News, (www.artificialreefs.org; reefball@reefball.com). …

 

 Fish assemblages on estuarine artificial reefs: natural rocky-reef mimics or discrete assemblages?

H Folpp, M Lowry, M Gregson, IM Suthers – PloS one, 2013 – dx.plos.org

… interact [4]–[8], has resulted in the development of purpose built artificial reefs [9]. In 2005, an

estuarine artificial reef project began in south-east Australia with the deployment of a series of

small artificial reef in three coastal estuaries using purpose built Reef Ball® modules. …

 

[PDF] Development of Sport Fisheries at Guánica State Forest

JP Zegarra – hjrreefscaping.com

… and the Sea Grant College Program. Small reef ball models (1.2m height x 1.2m width) were

used. … Ten (3 gal.) buckets of sand and five (3 gal.) buckets of gravel added to five bags (47 lbs.)

of Portland Type-one cement mixed manually with 6 gallons of water per reef ball mold. …

 

Available only from Publisher Artificial reefs and beach dewatering as innovative solutions to beach erosion: Lessons lLearnt from two decades of field experience

A Mariani, IL Turner – 2013 – search.informit.com.au

… Reef Ball™ units were used to construct several artificial reefs around the world, including

at several sites in NSW, Australia. … 8 Grand Cayman, Cayman Islands Ecology yes yes not

rep. Reef Ball™ [11] 9 Boscombe, UK Surfing partially no yes GCs [18] …

 

These are some citations we have not been able to track down the original works

 

REEFBALLS REVITALIZE.

SR Skolnick – Earth Island Journal, 2000 – elibrary.ru

… ИНФОРМАЦИЯ О ПУБЛИКАЦИИ. Название публикации, REEFBALLS REVITALIZE. Авторы,

SR Skolnick. Журнал, Earth Island Journal. Издательство, Earth Island Institute. Год выпуска,

2000, ISSN, 1041-0406. Том, 15, ИФ РИНЦ 2009, -. Номер, 1, Цит. в РИНЦ, 0. ..

 

Fish aggregating devices

G Rajeswari – 2009 – 210.212.228.207

… Fishes, barnacles, sea urchins, nudibranches and lobsters also can be found around reef balls.

Studies by Sherman et al. (2002) have highlight the importance of structural complexity in reef

ball FADs in enhancing fish recruitment, aggregation and diversity. Fig. …

 

 Report on destruction of corals on Reef Ball site, Fahal Island, Muscat

BP Jupp – Rapid assessment of impacts from cyclone Gonu. …, 2007

 

Transformation of artificial concrete “reef ball” structure into living coral heads through the use of implants of juvenile massive corals

AL Ortiz-Prosper, WA Bowden-Kerby – Abstract In Int’l. Conf. Scientific aspects of coral …, 1999

 

A preliminary study of fish recruitment to “Reef Ball” artificial reefs in shallow and deep water

RE Spieler – Contract completion report to Broward County Office of …, 1995

 

Preliminary Evaluation of Artificial Reef Fish Colonization in Punta Palmar, Yucatan, Mexico

M Ferreira, T Colas-Marrufo, A Tuz-Sulub, E Perez… – Proceedings of the Gulf and …, 2005

 

Evaluación Preliminar de la Colonización de Refugios Artificiales por Peces en Punta Palmar, Yucatán, México

 

[CITATION ONLY] اثر زيستگاههاي مصنوعي دريايي بر افزايش جمعيت ماهيان در مقايسه با محيطهاي طبيعي در منطقه بندر لنگه–ايران‎

اژدري دانيال, اژدري زهرا, ابراهيم محمد محمد, ارشد عزيز…‎ – مجله علوم شيلاتي ايران (انگليسي)‎

 

Struktur Komunitas Ikan karang Famili Chaetodontidae pada Terumbu Buatan „Reefball‟ di Semenanjung Ratatotok Kabupaten Minahasa Selatan

IC Wenas – Universitas Sam Ratulangi. Fakultas Perikanan dan …, 2004 Next article appears to bae it’s english translation

 

Coral Fishes the Famili Chaetodontidae in Coral Reef Waters of Para Island Sub District Tatoareng, Sangihe Kepulauan Regency

AB Rondonuwu, UNWJ Rembet… – JURNAL ILMIAH …, 2013 – ejournal.unsrat.ac.id

Abstract This study aims to determine the distribution and abundance of reef fish families 

chaetodontidae in coral reef waters of Para Island Sub District Tatoareng. This study was 

conducted at 4 stations. Data collected was done using visual census on the 50-meter …

 

Fouling assemblages associated with estuarine artificial reefs in New South Wales, Australia

R Mckenzie, M Lowry, H Folpp… – Brazilian Journal of …, 2011 – SciELO Brasil

… The objective of this study was to record the development of epibiotic assemblages on three

“design specific” (Reef Ball ® ) estuarine artificial reefs systems located in Lake Macquarie,

Botany Bay and St Georges Basin in New South Wales, Australia. …

 

University of South Florida College of Marine Science Divers Get Put On a “Shelf”.

R Cole, R Weisberg, J Law – 2005 – archive.rubicon-foundation.org

… Spat-on-Shell Planting Method, Reef Ball Positioning. … Figure 4 Spat-on-Shell Method Reef Ball

Positioning: (Figure 5) Corp of Engineers and State permits governing the positioning of reef balls

for fish habitat requires a minimum water depth to provide adequate …

 

RESTORING GULF OYSTER REEFS

S Stokes, S Wunderink, M Lowe, G Gereffi – 2012 – cggc.duke.edu

… Source: (clockwise from top left) ReefBall, ReefBall, NPCA, NPCA … make one of three choices:

use fossil shell, use another aggregate such as limestone or crushed concrete, or decide on one

of the patented artificial substrate designs like ReefBlk, Reef Ball, or Oysterbreak. …

 

A review of reef restoration and coral propagation using the threatened genus Acropora in the Caribbean and Western Atlantic

CN Young, SA Schopmeyer… – Bulletin of Marine …, 2012 – ingentaconnect.com

… Artificial structures, such as Reef Balls (www.reefball.org), have been designed to provide

shoreline protection and prevent coRAl Reef pApeR Page 2. … able (see www .reefball.org).

Methods key: B = Bolts/Nails, BR = BioRock, CB = Concrete blocks, CBL …

 

Log In Only Access [PDF] AVALIAÇÃO DA ASSEMBLÉIA DE PEIXES EM UM RECIFE ARTIFICIAL PELO MÉTODO DE CENSO VISUAL EM DIFERENTES PROGRAMAS AMOSTRAIS

DS Brotto, W Krohling, IR Zalmon – researchgate.net

… 9 metros. Um total de 36 módulos (reefballs) foi utilizado, com quatro tipos distintos.

As características … anti-incrustante. Os 36 reefballs foram agrupados segundo suas

características em 12 grupos de três módulos cada. Cada grupo …

 

L’INGÉNIERIE ÉCOLOGIQUE POUR LES ENTREPRISES

CRAVOSB TOUT, ENP LA BIODIVERSITÉ – researchgate.net

… Figure 3 : restauration de récif coralien par la méthode Reefball (Reefball, http://www.reefball.

com) … Pêche / Aquaculture Ingénierie marine et « jardinage » des récifs coralliens Restauration

des récifs coralliens par la méthode des Reefballs, aux États- Unis …

Variação temporal da macrofauna bêntica sob influência de um complexo recifal na costa Norte do estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil

VHCM da Silva, PM Machado, FS de Sá… – …, 2013 – essentiaeditora.iff.edu.br

… característi- cas geoquímicas do sedimento. O complexo recifal é composto por 36

reefballs e situa-se cerca de três milhas náuticas da praia de Manguinhos, em São

Francisco de Itabapoana. Uma campanha de amostragem …

 

Abstract only without login Studi Kerusakan Dan Upaya Rehabilitasi Terumbu Kara ng Perairan Batulawang, Desa Kemujan, Kepulauan Karimu njawa, Kabupaten Jepara, Jawa Tengah

K SEPTA DEWI – 2014 – eprints.upnyk.ac.id

… buatan. Terumbu buatan akan diletakkan pada terumbu karang yang mengalami

kerusakan akan tetapi masih ada terumbu karang yang bertahan hidup. Untuk

kedalaman 1 m:kubus, 3 m:segitiga dan 6 m: reef ball . Kata kunci …

 

RECIFES ARTIFICIAIS E SEUS EFEITOS NA ESTRUTURA DA COMUNIDADE MACROBENTÔNICA NA COSTA NORTE DO ESTADO DO RIO DE JANEIRO

PM Machado, FS de Sá, EJD Neto, IR Zalmon… – …, 2013 – essentiaeditora.iff.edu.br

… O complexo de recifes artificiais composto por 36 reefballs situa-se a cerca de três milhas

da praia de Manguinhos (21°29’S, 41°00’W), em São Francisco de Itabapoana, costa norte

do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, a cerca de 9 m de profundidade. …

 

[PDF] MODELLING DIFFERENT ARTIFICIAL REEFS IN THE COASTLINE OF PROBSTEI

IONS TRANSPORT, AON MARINE – iczm.org

… 34 Figure 3.3: Reef ball (Source: Harris, 2007). … … Figure 4.24: Salient Length

for Alternative 10 (coastal protection and habitat enhancement)72 Figure 4.25:

Alternative 8. Reef Ball breakwater in Heidkate Beach….. 73 …

 

Fouling community recruitment on an artificial reef in the north coast of Rio de Janeiro State

W Krohling, DS Brotto, IR Zalmon – Journal of coastal Research, 2006 – JSTOR

… To investigate and to compare monthly variation of fouling community structure it was immersed

3 miles of Manguinhos beach, north coast of Rio de Janeiro (21 ?29 S’, 41 ?00 W), 36 concrete

modules (Reefballs?) withplates in the external surface of each structure. …

 

Oyster Reef Restoration in North Carolina: Recommendations for Improvements in Techniques and Monitoring

JA Black – 2011 – dukespace.lib.duke.edu

… the northern region of the state (Hardy 2011). A B Figure 2 A. Reef ball before oyster recruitment

(Reef Ball Foundation 2011). B. Reef ball after oyster recruitment (Allied Concrete 2011). Reef

balls can be made out of either concrete or a combination of concrete and oyster …

 

Available as Ebook Artificial reefs in Artisanal Fisheries

ERB Cárdenas – Artificial Reefs in Fisheries Management, 2011 – books.google.com

… 217 Reef Ball Project….. … reef Ball Project The latest effort to enhance artisanal

fisheries off Campeche was through a reef ball project focused on those

fishermen with smaller boats or without an outboard motor. …

 

Reef Ball Monitoring

Seeking harmony in a final return to the land

J Dunn – New York Times, 2004 – cemeterygroup.org

… Page 3. was co-founder of the Reef Ball Development Group, which makes synthetic marine

habitats. Mr. Brawley came up with the idea for Eternal Reefs after his father-in-law asked

that his remains be mixed into one of Reef Ball’s modules. …

 

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