Abstract: Coral reefs degradation in Thailand demands scalable, community-accessible restoration solutions. This study addresses the limitations of conventional arti cial reefs by developing 3D-printed modular arti cial reefs (3DMARs) optimized for ecological performance, usability, and low-resource deployment. Formulated through the lens of design expertise and applying a design thinking framework, the...
The designing of 3D printed modular artificial reefs through design thinking framework: a case study in Koh Khai Chumphon Province Thailand
